中长跑运动员全年力量训练分期研究

Case Study on Periodization of Strength Training for Distance Runners

采用调查法、实验法、数理统计法对25名男子长跑运动员力量训练分期进行研究。探索科学系统的阶段性力量训练方法,为力量训练理论及实践提供有益的指导与借鉴。研究结果表明:(1)力量阶段性分期训练能够产生较好的训练效果,与非分期力量训练相比,专项成绩提高幅度更为明显;(2)适度的最大力量训练可以防止由于过多的耐力训练而引发的运动损伤,并且可以提高长跑运动员的最大跑速和冲刺能力;(3)中长跑运动员在竞赛前期应重点发展力量耐力,并在随后的竞赛期继续保持一定负荷的力量耐力训练。在重要比赛之前应该进行必要的减量安排,减少负荷量度,培养运动员的最佳准备状态,并在比赛中得以发挥。

Periodization is an approach to resistance training programming that includes systematic alternating cycles of weight lifted （intensity） with total repetitions or volume. One macrocycle is divided into anatomical adaptation, maximum strength, conversion to muscular endurance and strength training during the competitive and transition phases according to specific strength characteristics of distance running. The specific strength indexes were improved after periodization of strength training.