我国岩溶塌陷研究综述

Review on karst collapse in China

随经济的不断发展,对岩溶区资源的开发日益增强,由此引发的岩溶塌陷问题也日趋频繁、严重,已成为岩溶区可持续发展的一大障碍,有效减轻其造成的危害势在必行。文章根据近年来国内外岩溶塌陷的研究现状及发展,概述了岩溶塌陷的三大形成条件:一定发育程度的岩溶、上覆盖层、岩溶地下水系统;以及中国岩溶塌陷的时空分布规律,分别举例例证了它的几种成因机制,如重力致塌、潜蚀致塌等。由于其突发性及危害性,有必要对岩溶塌陷的预测防治进行深入研究,做到防灾减灾。基于此,总结了中国岩溶塌陷的监测预报和安全评价等方面的新方法和措施等。针对塌陷的形成条件、塌陷现象或其危情的存在状况及其危害性,归纳了有针对性的防治措施。

With the continuous economic development of the karst area, resource development has increased, and problems also have become more and more serious. The karst collapse has been a major obstacle to sustainable development in karst area. So the task of reducing the harm effectively is imperative. According to the research of karst collapse at home and abroad in recent years, the paper outlined three formation conditions： karst with certain development, overlying rock and soil, and the karst groundwater system; and the distribution of karst collapse of China. Several examples illustrate its mechanisms. It is necessary to have further study on karst collapse prevention and forecast. Based on this, the paper summarizes the new methods and measures of monitoring, forecasting and safety evaluation of karst collapse. In view of the formation conditions of collapse, the phenomenon and its danger, the targeted prevention measures also have been summed up in order to have certain significance to the future management of karst collapse.