小麦纹枯病化学防治药剂的筛选

Screening of the Fungicides for the Chemical Control of Wheat Sharp Eyespot

为了筛选小麦纹枯病的高效防治药剂,对多种化学药剂进行了室内毒力测定、盆栽试验和田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,烯唑醇、井冈霉素、敌力脱、适乐时对小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia cerea-lia)抑菌效果较好,EC50均小于1 mg/kg;敌萎丹、立克秀、甲基托布津、扑力猛、五氯硝基苯、三唑酮和退菌特对小麦纹枯病菌也有较好的抑菌效果,EC50均在10 mg/kg以下。盆栽试验结果表明,21%复方适乐时FS1∶500包衣和2.5%适乐时FS 1∶500包衣处理防效最好,分别达到84.23%和83.52%;其次为12.5%烯唑醇WP 1∶625拌种和2%立克秀WS 1∶500拌种,为81.49%和77.23%;3%敌萎丹FS 1∶500包衣、2.5%扑力猛FS 1∶500包衣、15%三唑酮WP 1∶500拌种和20%井冈霉素SP 1∶500拌种也有较好的防效,平均防效均大于60%。大田试验结果表明,返青期3%敌萎丹FS 1∶500包衣和12.5%烯唑醇WP 1∶625拌种防效最好,防效分别为55.43%和51.51%;收获期白穗率调查结果发现,12.5%烯唑醇WP 1∶625拌种防效最好,达84.63%;其次为3%敌萎丹FS 1∶500包衣和15%三唑酮WP 1∶500拌种,防效分别达到73.36%和72.31%。收获期产量调查结果表明,3%敌萎丹FS 1∶500包衣、21%复方适乐时FS 1∶500包衣和2.5%适乐时FS 1∶500包衣处理增产效果较好,分别达到13.81%、12.34%和11.50%。从防治效果和增产效果综合考虑,敌萎丹、复方适乐时、适乐时是较好的种子处理剂。

The inhibiting effect of 13 fungicides on the pathogen of wheat sharp eyespot （Rhizoctonia cerealis）was tested in vitro. The results indicated that Diniconazole, Jinggangfmycin, Tilt（propiconazole） and Celest（Fludioxonil） had better inhibiting effects on the hypha growth of pathogen, EC50 were all under 1mg/kg. Dividend（difenoconazole）, Raxil（tebuconazole）, Thlophanate-methyl, Permib（triticonazole） Alios （triticonazole）, Quintozene, Triadimefon, Tuzet also had good inhibiting effect on the hypha growth of pathogen, EC50 were under 10 mg/kg. The results in pot experiments indicated that the effect of treating seed hith Celest and Fufang Celest were the best, with 84.23 % and 83. 52% control effect in average. The second was Diniconazole and Raxil with the average control effect of 81. 79% and 77. 23% ,respectively. The control effects of others were over 60%. The effect of seed dressing and spraying in field experiments was studied. The results after wheat turns green indicated that the effect of treating seed with Diniconazole was the best with 55. 43% control effect in average, the second was Dividend with 51. 51%. The results at harvest indicated that the effect of treating seed with Diniconazole was the best, with 84.63 % control effect in average. The second was Dividend and Triadimefon with the average control effect of 73.36% and 72.31%, respectively. Dividend, compound fludioxon and Celest can increase yield of wheat greatly.