医院感染187例流行病学调查

Study on clinical epidemiology of nosocomial infection in 187 cases

目的研究医院感染病例的临床流行病学特征,为有效的控制医院感染提供依据。方法对2005年出院的4 840例病例进行临床流行病学调查。结果医院感染发生率3.86%,医院感染人群以年龄>60岁者最多,占31.02%;感染发生时间以7月份最多;感染率前3名的科室为肿瘤科、移植科和血液科;感染部位主要以呼吸道感染为主,其中下呼吸道最多占28.34%,其次是切口感染占15.51%、泌尿道感染占12.30%;医院感染病原菌革兰阴性菌占40.44%,革兰阳性菌占32.00%,真菌占27.56%;抗菌药物使用率98.93%。结论医院感染控制的重点人群是老年患者、肿瘤患者和移植手术患者,夏季应加强消毒管理,合理使用抗菌药,从而减少医院感染的发生。

To study the clinical epidemlological characteristics of nosocomial infection, thereby providing basis for control ling nosocomial infection. Methods 4 840 patients discharged from this hospital between January and December 2005 were retrospectively surveyed. Results With a total nosocomial infection rate of 3.86%, the infection occurred mainly in respiratory tract（28.34%）, incisions （15.51% ）, and urrnary tract（ 12.30% ）;Departments of Oncology, Organ Transplmtation, and Hematology as the three with highest infection rate ; patients over 60 years of age（31.02 % ） ; and in 98.93 % of 113 patients receiving antibiotics. The pathogens of nosocomial infection were gramnegative bacteria （40.44 % ）, gram- positive bacteria（ 32：00% ）, and fungi （27.56%）. Conclusions The key populations for control of nosocomial infection are old patients, turnout patients and transplant operation patients. We should emphasize disinfection and sterilization, especially in summer, and rational use of antibiotics.