太阳能加热防治根结线虫时覆膜、土壤类型与有机物对土壤温度的影响

Influence of transparent film mulch,soil type and organic soil amendmenton on temperature of soil under solarization for root-knot nematode control.

试验研究了覆膜方式（双层膜、单层膜和不覆膜）、土壤类型（中壤土、砂壤土）与有机物（添加牛粪和不添加牛粪）对太阳能加热时土壤温度的影响。覆盖透明膜可显著提高土壤日平均温度和日最高温度，10cm、20cm和30cm深度土壤日平均温度分别达40℃、38℃和36℃以上，日最高温度分别达43．3℃、39．0℃和36．5℃以上。覆盖透明膜可明显延长土壤高温（≥35℃）持续时间并提高土壤日温差，土壤温度超过35℃的累计时间达22．5h以上，10cm、20cm和30cm深度土壤日温差分别在7．1℃、2．6℃和0．8℃以上。覆盖双层膜土壤日平均温度、日最高温度、高温持续时间及日温差比单层膜高，且在10cm深度尤为突出。除20cm深度外，土壤类型对日平均温度和日最高温度没有影响。添加牛粪能使0～20cm土层土壤日平均温度提高2℃以上，显著高于不添加对照。故覆盖透明膜和添加牛粪可显著提升30cm深度内的土壤温度，利用太阳能加热可望降低土壤中根结线虫种群数量。

The effect of film mulch （double mulch,single mulch and no mulch）, soil type（medium loam and sandy loam） and organic matter （with and without cow dung）on temperature of soil sterilized by solarization to control root-knot nematode was investigated. It is found that transparent polyethylene film mulch significantly boosts daily average soil temperature and daily maximum soil temperature at 10 cm,20 cm and 30 cm soil depths,daily average soil temperatures being above 40℃,38℃, and 36℃ ,and daily maximum soil temperatures above 43.3℃,39.0℃ and 36.5℃ , respectively. Film mulch also markedly extends high temperature duration and improves daily temperature difference. Cumulative temperatures over 35℃ lasts for more than 22.5h and daily temperature differences at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths are over 7.1℃ , 2.6℃ and 0.8℃, respectively. Double film mulch is superior to single film mulch in terms of daily average soil temperature, daily maximum temperature, high temperature duration and daily temperature difference, especially at 10 cm soil depth. With the exception of the 20 cm soil profile, soil type exerts no influence on daily average soil temperature and daily maximum temperature at the 10 cm and 30 cm soil depths. Organic amendment with cow dung can significantly enhance daily average temperature within 20 cm depth of soil by over 2℃. It is concluded that soil solarization with transparent film mulch and cow dung amendment is promising in increasing soil temperature to the extent needed to control Meloidogyne incognita population within 30 cm soil depth in the study area.