对虾对东北苏打盐碱湖泊的适应性研究

Prawn adaptability to saline-alkali soda lakes of northeast China.

碱度、pH对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的急性中毒实验和盐碱湖泊幼虾生存能力试验结果表明，碱度对幼虾的24h半数有效浓度（EC50）为2．73mmol／L，24h、48h、96h半数致死浓度（LC50）分别为12．40mmol／L、11．24mmol／L及10．49mmol／L，长期生存的安全浓度（SC）为2．77mmol／L。当碱度为5．37～14．66mmol／L时，pH对幼虾的24h、48h、72h、96h半数致死值（LpH50）分别为9．26～8．98、9．14～8．86、9．10～8．80及9．00～8．80，长期生存的安全值（SpH）为8．42～8．14。幼虾在碱度为18．68～38．78mmol／L、含盐量1．57～3．50g／L、pH8．5～9．5的苏打盐碱湖泊可存活4．8～9．2h。凡纳滨对虾幼虾对水环境碱度和pH的适应性，以及对东北地区苏打盐碱湖泊水环境的综合适应性均低于淡水鱼类。

Soda saline-alkali water was added into the water from desalinated prawn pond, to study the juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei adaptability to saline-alkall water. A one-way toxicity test and a llve ability test of juvenile shrimp were carried out in saline-alkali soda lakes. Results show medium effect concentration （ECs0） of alkalinity for juvenile shrimp in 24 hours to be 2.73mmol/L, medium lethal concentration （LC50） in 24hrs, 48hrs and 96hrs to be 12.40mmol/L, l l.24mmol/L and 10.49mmol/L respectively, and safe concentration （SC） to be 2.77mmol/L. When alkalinity is 5.37- 14.66mmol/L, medium lethal pH （LpH50） in 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs of juvenile shrimp are 9.26 -- 8.98, 9.14--8.86,9.10--8.80 and 9.00--8,80 respectively, and safe pH （SpH） is 8.42--8.14. Juvenile shrimp can survive 4.8 - 9.2hrs in saline-alkali soda lakes at an alkalinity of 18.68-38.78mmol/L, salt content of 1.57 - 3.50g/L and pH level of 8.5 - 9.5. The adaptability of desalinated juvenile shrimp to alkalinity and pH is poorer than that of freshwater fishes and its comprehensive adaptive capacity to saline-alkali soda lakes of northeast China is lower too.