能力约束下的停车行为模型及其求解算法

Model and Its Algorithm for Modeling Parking Behavior with Capacity Constraints

建立了能力约束下的旅行选择和停车行为模型,模型同时考虑了出行者对旅行路径和停车设施的选择、道路路段和停车设施的能力约束以及道路网络的需求弹性。构造了数学规划模型,证明在非主动能力约束下,网络均衡条件与该数学规划模型等价;当能力约束为主动约束时,该数学规划模型的解不是网络均衡解,但当对路网的饱和路段和饱和停车设施征收某个附加费用之后,网络均衡解满足能力约束。设计了增广的Lagrangian对偶算法和部分线性化算法来求解该模型,并利用算例来验证模型和算法的效率及评价交通政策的效果。计算结果表明:停车收费、新增停车设施、停车设施与目的地之间的步行距离将显著影响出行者的旅行选择和停车行为。

Authors presented a model formulation for modeling travel and parking behavior with road and parking capacity constraints. The proposed model simultaneously considered travelers＇ choice on traveling route and parking facility, road link and parking facility capacity constraints, and demand elasticity of road network. A mathematical programming model was established, which was shown to be equivalent to the network equilibrium conditions when the capacity constraints were non-active. However, when the capacity constraints were active, the solution of the mathematical programming model was not the network equilibrium solution. When an additional cost was levied on the saturated road links and parking facilities, the network equilibrium solution satisfied the capacity constraints. An augmented Lagrangian dual algorithm embedded by partial linearization approach was developed to solve the proposed model. Numerical results on an example network were presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed model and solution algorithm and evaluate effect of traffic policy. The calculation results show that the parking charges, addition of new parking facilities, and the walking distance from parking facility to destination may bring significant impacts on travelers＇ traveling choice and parking behavior.