从权力话语理论看异化翻译

Foreignization in Translation from the Perspective of Power Discourse Theory

福柯权力话语理论阐述了权力、知识和话语三者之间的相互关系,即知识是权力的象征,话语是权力的表现形式,控制知识权力话语的文化力量能够实现其文化控制地位。强势文化凭借其先进的科学技术知识,在文化交流中获取说话的权力,并对弱势文化进行操控。翻译作为不同文化之间进行交流的重要工具势必会受到这种文化霸权的影响,这体现在译者对翻译题材和翻译策略的选择中。翻译已不再是单纯的语言转换工具,而是一种在不同的权力话语制约下的对话与交流。弱势文化通过采取异化翻译策略介绍自己本民族的优质文化,有利于抵制强势文化的文化霸权。

Foucault＇s power discourse theory elaborates the correlation between power, knowledge and discourse, i.e. , knowledge is the symbol of power and discourse is the representative form of power, but the culture controlling the discourse of knowledge power can realize its predominance over all the three factors. Powerful cultures gain the discourse right in cultural communication and control weak cultures by virtue of its advanced knowledge of science and technology. As the integral part of the exchange between different cultures, translation will be inevitably influenced by this kind of cultural hegemony. This is manifested in the selection of the themes to be translatecl and translation strategies. Translation is therefore no longer merely the instrument of language transformation, but a dialogue or communication means restricted by different power discourses. Recommending their own superior cultures through picking out the translation strategy for proper foreignization, the weak cultures will gain the advantage to resist more efficiently the hegemony of powerful culture.