结构与意义的匹配类型

Types of Form-Meaning Pairings

构式语法理论的一个至关重要而尚未解决的问题是,形式和意义匹配的类型有多少种,匹配的方式又是如何。本文通过对语法结构的深入调查,确立结构与意义匹配的类型主要有:1)一个结构只表达一个单一的固定意义,其意义不能再进一步细分;2)一个结构虽然有一个总的语法意义,但它的意义还可以进一步分出次类,形成结构意义的上下位关系;3)一个结构可以有多种意义,但是其中某一个意义是最基本的,它的多个意义之间具有典型和非典型之别;4)一个结构的意义是发散的,难以做出任何成功的概括。本文的分析有助于对构式语法理论的理解、应用和发展。

Construction Grammar has an unresolved but critical problem： how many types and in how many ways forms and meanings can be paired in a language？ Through an extensive investigation of Chinese data,4 major types of form-meaning pairings have been identified：（1） one form refers to one meaning which cannot be further divided into sub-types of meanings;（2） although one form expresses one meaning,the meaning can be further classified into sub-types;（3） one form contains various meanings,but one meaning among those is basic and prototypical;（4） one form has too many unrelated meanings so that a generalization cannot be drawn.The present analysis is helpful in the understanding,application,and development of the new theoretical framework—Construction Grammar.