陶渊明《饮酒》诗作年考——兼论“亭亭复一纪”之年代问题

An Examinatoin into the Writing Time of the Poems about Drinking by Tao Yuanming

历来注家皆认为《饮酒》作于东晋,本文提出《饮酒》作于刘宋。《饮酒》用邵平典故寄托易代之感,言新朝也会灭亡,当作于入宋。据《宋书》纪传、谢灵运《永初三年七月十六日之郡初发都诗》及陆游《入蜀记》自建康溯江抵达江州需时22日,可知颜延之自京贬始安郡路过江州,是在宋永初三年八月八日左右;《饮酒》序"余闲居寡欢,兼比夜已长(指近来秋分八月初十以后夜比昼长)。偶有名酒,无夕不饮",与延之"为始安郡,经过,日日造潜,每往必酣饮致醉,临去,留二万钱与潜,潜悉送酒家,稍就取酒"日期、事实相合;《饮酒》当作于永初三年秋分之后。"比夜已长"与《述酒》"流泪抱中叹,倾耳听司晨"皆以黑夜象征刘宋政治黑暗。以饮酒象征政治不合作,来自竹林七贤;象征政治不合作以及隐逸躬耕以保全独立自由人格和生命权利,则是来自陶渊明的新玄学实践境界。

All the annotators in the past thought that Tao Yulinming＇s poems about drinking were written in the Eastern Jin Dynasty （from 317 to 420）, this paper puts out that his drinking poems Shouldbe written in the early soutbern Dynasty （420-589）. The drinking poems express the poet＇s feelings abont the Vicissitude of times and tell us that the newly set up dynasty will also soon decline, so the time for writing those poems shonld be im／n the early song period of the southern Dynasty. ＂In the preface of the drinking poems, Tao Yuanming wrote I have lived leisuredly and unpleasantly, and now comes the season when night gets longer than daytime.＂ so the drinking poems should be written in the early autumn of the third year of Yongehu Period in the Southern Dynasty.