强势与话语:清代棚民历史地位之反思

Power and Utterance:Introspection of the Slum Dwellers' Historical Status in Qing Dynasty

如果把处于社会弱势群体、被剥夺话语权的棚民,视同"地方之患",以"棚匪"斥之,显失合理公正。棚民并不是邪恶的化身,"与霸垦强占不同"。只是被剥夺了话语权,使得我们很难从历史文献中找到其正面形象的一面。不过,我们还是从一桩惊动朝廷、嘉庆皇帝亲自过问的"驱逐棚民案"中,看到了地方官的一句正面评价——"棚民俱系种地良民"。为此,本文摆脱了旧有学说一味批判棚民的做法,对棚民作为开垦急先锋,积极推广玉米等作物的历史功绩给予了正面评价,同时对棚民被"妖魔化"的错误倾向进行了拨正。

It is not reasonable and justified that if we looked the slum dwellers who were disadvantaged groups and were deprived of right of utterance as ＂local destroyers＂ and excluded them. The slum dwellers were not reincarnation of evil and were different from the people who accroached land. Because of being deprived of right of utterance, it is difficuhy to find some good visge about them. But, from a stirring case of driving out the slum dwellers that Emperor Jiaqing dealed with it himself. We still found obverse visge from a magistrate as ＂the slum dwellers are good people for cuhivating land＂. So, the thesis shook off criticizing the slum dwellers in the past and made obverse evaluation for them, who were pioneer for cultivating and made historical achievements of spreading dwellers were being smeared. crop, such as corns. It also rectified the inaccurate proneness that the slum dwellers were being smeared.