黄芪对大鼠脑创伤早期保护作用的实验研究

Studies on the Protective Effect of Huangqi on Rat Brain with Traumatic Brain Injury

目的探讨黄芪对大鼠脑创伤后早期脑组织病理改变的影响,为临床上脑创伤的治疗提供新的实验依据。方法选择成年SD大鼠72只,随机分为3组:假手术组24只,仅开骨窗,不致伤;对照组24只,制大鼠自由落体脑撞击伤模型;处理组24只,伤后立即应用黄芪注射液(4mL/kg)腹腔注射。在伤后4h、24h及48h测量各组脑组织含水量、检测线粒体ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力及丙二醛含量,以及在伤后24h于电镜下观察脑组织的超微结构变化。结果与对照组比较,处理组在伤后24h、48h脑含水量及MDA含量降低、线粒体ATP酶及SOD活力升高,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。透射电镜下观察,与假手术组比较,对照组大脑皮质神经细胞内线粒体、核仁、核膜、内质网及高尔基复合体等结构发生明显改变,而处理组变化较轻。结论黄芪对大鼠脑创伤早期有保护作用,其作用机制部分是通过抗氧化、抗自由基来抑制创伤后继发性损害而实现的。

Objective To investigate the impact of Huangqi on pathological change in the rat brain with traumatic brain injury and provide new experimental basis for clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury. Methods Totally 72 adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham operation group with 24 rats （only exposed but not injured）, control group with 24 rats （establishing the models of brain impact injury induced by free-falling ）, treatment group with 24 rats （after injury, 4mL/kg Huangqi was given by intraperitoneal injection, once ten hours）. The water contents of brain tissue were measured with dry-wet weight method, and the activity of ATPase and SOD and the content of MDA were detected with the biochemical technique at 4, 24 and 48 hours after injury. Using the electron microscopy to observe the changes of the ultramicrostructure of brain tissue at 24 hours after injury. Results Compared with the control group, the water content and the level of MDA were reduced, and the activity of ATPase and SOD were elevated at 24 and 48 hours after injury in the treatment group, both group had significant difference （P〈0.05）. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that, in the control group, the structure of mitochondria, nucleoli, nuclear membrane, endo- plasmic reticulum and Golgi complex in the nerve cells of cerebral cortex changed a lot, but only a few changes were found in the treatment group. Conclusion Huangqi has protective effects on rat in the earlier period of traumatic brain injury. Its mechanisms are partly to inhibit the secondary lesion of traumatic brain injury through decreasing the production of oxidizing reaction and free radical.