掘进巷道无供氧事故紧急救援技术

Emergency Rescue Technique for Non-Oxygen Accidents in Excavating Tunnel

在巷道掘进过程中由于地质条件复杂，顶板垮落事故时有发生，未及时得到氧气供应往往是造成死亡的主要原因．对复杂地质区域因掘进巷道冒顶引发的无供氧事故的紧急救援技术进行了研究，对通风管材进行了力学性能测试，研制了微负压生成装置和减压供气装置，制定了无供氧事故救援方案．现场试验表明：当掘进巷道无供氧事故发生后，氧的体积分数在20～30min时下降到17％；压风开启后约20min后达到正常值；伴随着氧气含量的降低，煤体内瓦斯等气体大量涌出，空气温度升高，实验过程中温度升高2～4℃．该救援技术可用于巷道掘进时无供氧事故的预防与救护．

Production and safety has become the main contradiction in coal mine corporations in China. In roof collapse accidents often happened in the process of tunnel excavating, the short of oxygen was the main cause leading to casualties of coal miners. Aiming at this problem, we have studied the emergency rescue technique for the roof collapse-caused oxygen shortage accidents happened in tunnel excavating in the area with complicated geological conditions. Ventpipes＇ mechanical properties were tested, micro-suction pressure generator and pressure relief device developed, and the rescue schemes proposed. The field tests suggest that, about 20 rain to 30 rain after the accident has happened, the oxygen will decrease to 17%; about 20 rain after the fresh air is pressed in, the oxygen may reach its normal value. With the decrease of oxygen, a lot of gas will released off, making the temperature rise to about 2～4 ℃. Therefore, the emergency rescue technique can be used in the prevention and rescue of the non-oxygen accidents in tunnel excavating.