面向用户群的WebGIS场景设计框架初探

Framework of WebGIS on Human-centered and Scenario-based Design

可用性问题是制约WebGIS进一步发展的主要障碍。为了提高WebGIS的可用性,需要给予用户提供有用的图形表示和操作,以使用户无需分心于那些不必要的交互和领域特征。基于场景的设计是实现这一目标的有效方法。该文在研究以人为中心的设计和基于场景的设计以及其他相关问题的基础上,提出一种以用户为中心的We-bGIS场景设计框架,对内容体系和关键技术做了重点探讨。并结合实例初步验证了该框架的可行性,旨在提高WebGIS人机交互的自然性和高效性。

GIS has undergone rapid changes over the past 20 years,moving from networks of expensive high-end workstations in government and university research laboratories to desktop personal computers in modest consulting firms. During this period of time,problems of public access to spatial data are being addressed by research aimed at resolving spatial query and display issues over the Internet. In order to support the development of WebGIS that are optimized for use by human operators,the HCD recognizes the need to inject human user considerations within appropriate activities of WebGIS development process. A usable Graphical User Interface （GUI） provides its users with presentation and manipulation of useful graphics for their tasks at hand without becoming bogged down in accidental interaction and domain features. In contrast,scenario-based design （SBD） is an effective method forming the design process of GUI,which employs scenarios as a central representation throughout the entire WebGIS lifecycle. In view of this SBD,it is crucial to catch user＇s intention and accomplish the linkage between presentation and control of interaction information. In the paper,this model is described from four quadrants including require analysis,activity design,information design,interaction design and usability evaluation,the purpose of which is to increase the effectivity for the usable WebGIS. The core of this approach is that scenarios are used to describe the details of the design process,and all these descriptions are based on HCD from the user＇s point of view and serves users. Finally,an example about WebGIS is given to validate the effectiveness of SBD. Although the system is not yet implemented,preliminary reaction to the system design by the eventual users was positive.