黄河首曲地区草地退化的人文因素分析——以甘肃省玛曲县为例

Human Dimensions of Grassland Degradation:A Case Study in Maqu County of Gansu Province

人文因子是引起草地退化的重要因素。本文从定性与定量角度全面系统地进行了甘肃省玛曲县草地退化的人文因素研究。得出以下结论:①影响玛曲县草地退化的人文因素可归纳为牧民家庭支出因子、载畜因子和牧业结构调整因子等3个因子;②牧民家庭支出因子、载畜因子与草地退化呈正相关,牧业结构调整因子与草地退化呈负相关;③牧业结构调整因子对草地退化的减弱作用远低于牧民家庭支出因子、载畜因子对其的加速作用。其中,牧民家庭支出因子每提高一个单位,草地沙化面积、固定沙丘面积、流动沙丘面积、沙化率分别增加0.869、0.765、0.809、0.883个单位;载畜因子每提高一个单位,上述指标分别增加0.362、0.574、0.301、0.304个单位;而牧业结构调整因子每提高一个单位,上述指标仅分别降低0.160、0.237、0.248、0.111个单位;④遏制草地退化的关键在于拓宽牧民收入渠道,提高牧民收入。

Human activities are the important factors to cause grassland degradation. After a brief review of the studies on the human dimensions and the grassland degradation within and outside China, this paper makes a thorough and careful study on the human dimensions that affect the grassland degradation in Maqu county of Gansu province by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data of TM images , the grassland degradation investigation data and the data collected from the government documents, the statistical data and the on-the -spot investigation records, using the SPSS statistic analysis techniques. The qualitative analysis shows that the human dimensions including population, economic growth, overgrazing, the herd management behavior and the low efficiency of institution and so on, have a significant correlations with the grassland degradation in Maqu. All of these human dimensions have greatly affected and will continue to affect the grassland degradation in Maqu. The quantitative analysis reveals, by method of the factor analysis and the regression analysis techniques, that the major human dimensions that have influenced the grassland degradation are the herd family expenditure, overgrazing. The relationship between the herd family expenditure, overgrazing and the grassland degradation is positive correlated. between the stock raising structure adjustment and the grassland degradation is negative The relationship correlated. The subdued affection of the stock raising structure adjustment is lower than the accelerated affection of the herd family expenditure and overgrazing. When the herd family expenditure increased one unit, the grassland degradation acreage, the fixed dune acreage, the moving dunes, the ratio of grassland degradation will improve 0.869,0. 765,0. 809,0. 883 unit; the overgrazing increase one unit, they will improve 0.362,0.574,0.301,0.304 unit; but the stock raising structure adjustment factor increase one unit, they will only reduce 0. 160,0. 237,0. 248,0111 unit. It is the key to decrease grassland degradation through income generation.