中国2004年锌循环分析及政策建议

Zinc Circulation Analysis in China in 2004 and Policy Recommendations

本文研究了2004年中国锌循环的状况和存在的主要问题。锌生产阶段、加工制造阶段的原料自给率分别为88.6%、93.6%,使用再生锌的比例分别为1.6%、12.8%,矿石指数为1.275t/t,再生锌指数为0.126 t/t。存在的主要问题是原料对外依存度、再生锌指数很低,同时矿石指数较高。讨论了中国锌工业的产业政策现状及存在问题,其中,存在的主要问题是尚未建立完整的锌工业可持续发展政策体系,再生增值税政策不合理,经济适用的技术创新及推广支持力度不够,锌矿资源的开发和合理使用政策相对滞后等。最后,提出了改善中国锌循环的若干政策建议,主要包括,建立完整的推进锌循环的政策体系,实施锌工业原料结构的战略调整,加快重点技术研发及推广,制定科学合理的经济政策,严格执行法律规章,促进产业重组。

The status quo and the problems of zinc circulation in China in 2004 were studied using the method of following observation. The ratio of raw materials selfsupport in zinc production stage and processing and fabrication stage was 88.6 %, 93.6 % respectively, and the proportion of regenerated zinc use in zinc production stage and processing and fabrication stage was 1.6%, 12.8% respectively. The ore index was 1. 275 t/t. Regenerated zinc index was 0. 126 t/t. The major problems existing in zinc circulation were： the import-oriented degree of raw materials was low; regenerated zinc index was also very low; main reason was that the zinc-containing materials in zinc battery, zinc-plated products, oxidize zinc products were not regenerated; ore index was relatively high, main reasons were that regenerated zinc was relatively small, on the other hand, tailings in zinc ore dressing, etc., were not regenerated. The status quo and the problems in industrial policies of zinc industry in China were also discussed. The main problems existing in the industrial policies of zinc industry were： intact policy system for supporting sustainable development of zinc industry hasn＇t been set up yet; many policies were Separated from each other, even some policies being relatively beneficial inside a certain field were hindering the realization of whole circulation of zinc; the policy of value - added tax for regenerated products was unreasonable, which caused the tax reduced or remitted of purchase link of zinc waste materials was transferred to manufacturing stage and paid by manufacturing enterprise, the normal economic association between the manufacturing enterprise and retrieving enterprises had been cut off; strength aiding to support the innovation and popularization for economic and suitable technology was not enough; zinc made by pyrometallurgical method still accounted for 30% of the total output of zinc, indigenous smelt method of zinc still existed in many areas, levels of innovation and popularization of zinc ore dressing technology for complicated and low grade ore, harmless regenerated technology of used zinc battery, etc., were not developed fast; the policy for developing and rational using zinc ore resources was lag behind relatively. Several policy recommendations for improving zinc circulation in China mainly include, setting up the intact policy system of promoting zinc circulation, implementing the strategic readjustment of raw materials structure of zinc industry, accelerating the research, development and popularization of key technology, making the scientific rational economic policy, carrying out the legal and rule strictly, promoting industrial combination, were put forward.