煤矿开采区水、土地与煤炭资源同步利用模式研究

The Sync-Utilization Mode of Water,Land and Coal Resources in Coal Mining Subsidence Area

21世纪我国的资源紧张局面将进一步加剧,影响可持续发展战略的实施和全面建设小康社会目标的实现。我国煤矿开采区水、土地与煤炭资源互耗问题严重,煤炭资源的开采导致地下水污染、土地沉陷或淹没等资源浪费和生态环境破坏问题。本文在分析资源互耗矛盾的产生机理的基础上,提出水、土地与煤炭的资源同步利用理念及其应用基础,同时,指出实现资源同步利用的关键在于找到各种资源利用的最优临界值。最后,结合南水北调东线工程南四湖流域的资源利用现状和调水工程特点,初步探讨该地区的资源同步利用的实现模式:①管道分级的输水方案;②将采煤沉陷区的地下水纳入南水北调工程的水量调蓄管理系统;③恢复南四湖流域沉陷区的土地功能。

Water, land and coal resources are of great significance for economic booming and social stability of China in the 21st Century. However, in the coal mining area, there exists a complex relation among water, land and coalmine which lead to water and land resources are wasted because of coal exploitation. On one hand, coal mining can damage groundwater circulating system, induce groundwater contamination and land subsidence of large area. On the other hand, groundwater can flood coalmine and land, which disturbs coal exploitation work and makes existing land use lost or changed. Based on the analysis of the relations among three resources, this paper put forward a new concept of ＂resources sync-utilization＂, which suggests that rational utilization of some kind of resources mutually interacting can make best use of all kinds of resources. We classify ＂resources sync-utilization＂ in coal mining area into two types, the period of mining and the period of mine closure. The key to the success of former resources sync-utilization lies in appropriate coal mining technique and rational mining ratio, and that of the latter one is rational utilization of water resource. In order to further explain how to realize ＂resources sync-utilization＂, we take an example of Nan＇ si Lake Basin in Shandong, located in the influence area of South to North Water Diversion Project （ East Route）, the present severe land subisdence and flood caused by coal mining will become worsen because of the diversion of water. So three suggestions is given in order to archive the goal of ＂resources sync-utilization＂ in Nan＇ si Lake Basin： 1） water transfer scheme by multi-stage conduit pipe; 2） contain groundwater in the subsidence area in the running of water quantity management system of South to North Water Diversion Project; 3）recover the land use by pumping shallow-aquifer groundwater. The study on sync-utilization mode of water, land and coal resources should be dominant research direction in the future China, especially in the plain coal mining area, which will be an effective method for solving the problem of resources shortage. Moreover, mine water is a potential groundwater resource whose value has not been recognized yet, but has a good prospect of application.