近30年哈尔滨城市土地利用空间扩张及其驱动力分析

Spatial Expansion of Urban Land Use and Its Driving Forces in Harbin City over the Past 30 Years

集成MSS、TM、ETM、CBERS-2遥感数据及地形图提取哈尔滨市1976年、1989年、2001年、2005年共4期城市土地利用空间扩张信息，利用空间重心转移模型、单一土地利用类型动态度模型与城市年增长速率模型分析哈尔滨市近30年城市土地利用扩张的空间变化特征，进一步研究其扩张驱动力。结果表明：2005年城市土地面积是1976年的2．65倍；1989年～2001年由于改革开放的深化、经济加速发展及开发区的大规模建设导致扩张速度最快；2001年～2005年在振兴东北老工业基地经济政策带动下，工业发展与固定资产投入的增加促进了城市化进程；1976年-1989年以重工业为主，对城市进行扩建和旧城区改造，且因经济发展较慢，城市扩张速度偏低；1976年～2001年因原始城区位置和松花江的阻隔主要发展江南地区，2001年-2005年受高新技术开发区、旅游业等的影响城市重心向江北方向移动；城市年增长速率在空间上的分布与城市重心转移方向基本吻合。城市扩张与经济的快速发展及振兴东北老工业基地政策的带动有密切的关系，此外人口的增加、交通等基础设施的发展也是重要的驱动因素。

Understanding of the evolvement of urbanization is significant to guide urban planning, optimize the environment of northeast＇old industry base and sustainable development. In this study, we extracted urban boundary information of Harbin which is the important component of northeast old industry base in four periods （1976, 1989, 2001 and 2005） and rebuilt its urban land-use change process during the past thirty years by integrating MSS, TM, ETM, CBERS-2 images, and relief maps of the past 30 years. With the help of spatial center of gravity transfer model, single land use type dynamic degree model and annual urban growth rate model, urban land utilization spatial expansion process and its driving forces in the past 30 years were analyzed. The results show that Harbin urban land area in 1976 was 107.71 km^2 and the area in 2005 was 2.65 times of that in 1976. The urban expansion speed was the fastest from 1989 to 2001. with the deepening of the country＇s reform and open-up to the wolrd, economy development have been accelerated, and development zones have been built in a large scale. During this period, due to the influence of the economic development and the driving of traffic, the city expanded in the southeast direction. From 2001 to 2005, urbanization was accelerated by the factors of the northeast old industry base economic policy, industrial development and the increasing social capital assets investment. With construction of new technology development zone, tourism development and other factors, the gravity of urban center have transferred to the north of the city in these years. During the period from 1976 to 1989, the city based on industry and its economy developed slowly. Therefore, the urban expansion speed was the slowest among the three periods. From 1976 to 1989, the city construction was concentrated on the south of Songhua River. Spatial distribution of annual urban growth rate was consistent with the direction of gravity transfer of urban center, and the maximum of annual urban growth rate during the periods of 2001 - 2005 was higher than that of the period of 1989 ~ 2001, which indicated that urban spatial growth rate was higher in some point from 2001 to 2005. Urban expansion significantly relates with the fast economy development and the northeast old industry base economic policy driving. In addition, the increase of population and the development of infrastructure are also important factors to the expansion.