东北春麦区54份小麦品种的抗病性评价

Evaluation of Resistances on 54 Spring Wheat Varieties Cultivated in Northeastern China

2005-2006年对东北春麦区主要推广应用的54个品种(系)进行了抗秆锈病、白粉病和叶枯病鉴定。结果表明,在参鉴品种中,3份材料对白粉病表现抗病,占供试材料的6%;46份材料对秆锈病表现抗病,占供试材料的85%;11份材料对叶枯病表现中等抗病,占供试材料的20%。东北春麦区生产品种对秆锈病抗性表现较好,但也存在品种抗锈性下降的威胁;生产品种中普遍缺乏对白粉病的抗性,在育种中应加强新抗源的导入和应用;叶枯病发生普遍并且有逐年加重的趋势。针对以上情况,提出了解决办法。

Fifty-four spring wheat varieties（lines） cultivated in northeastern regine were identified during 2005 2006 for resistances to stem rust, powdery mildew and Helminthosporium leaf blight at seeding and adult stages, respectively. The results showed that there were 3 varieties resistant to powdery mildew,at six percent of all varieties; 46 varieties were resistant to stem rust, at eighty-five percent of all varieties; 11 varieties were moderate resistant to Helminthosporium leaf blight, at twenty percent against the others. The most varieties were resistant to stem rust, but there was still threat of resistance degressiveness; almost all the varieties identified lacked resistance to powdery mildew; Helminthosporium leaf blight was a common seen disease in the field and the disease severity degree went higher year by year. So we identified those varieties and hoped to offer parts of practical guidance for wheat breeding. Methods mentioned hereinbefore were discussed in this paper.