长期施肥对作物产量及褐潮土有机质变化的影响研究

The Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Crop Yield and Aqui-cinnamon Soil Organic Matter

通过北京昌平"国家褐潮土土壤肥力和肥料效益监测基地"的长期定位试验(1991-2004年),研究了褐潮土条件下长期施肥对土壤有机质状况的影响,与对照不施肥或单施氮肥比较,氮磷长期配合施用极显著增加冬小麦和夏玉米的生物产量和籽粒产量,冬小麦增产4倍以上,夏玉米增产1倍以上;单施氮肥、或磷钾配合、或氮钾配合增产效果均不明显;氮磷长期配合施用各处理比较,冬小麦和夏玉米产量均表现NPK+有机肥或秸杆>NPK>NP。氮磷钾配合施用有机肥耕层土壤有机质含量明显高于单施化肥;与对照不施肥比较,NPK+秸秆以及NPK+有机肥土壤有机质含量分别增加7.90%和14.56%,氮磷钾配合和氮磷配合分别比对照增加6.51%和5.89%,而单施氮肥仅增加2.56%。可见NPK平衡施用及其配施有机肥对增加作物产量和土壤有机质含量具有重要作用。

Based on national supervision base for aqui-cinnamon soil fertility and fertilizer benefits in Changping, Beijing（ 1991- 2004）,the effect of long-term fertilization on crop yield and Soil organic matter, were investigated. The main results obtained are as follows：Compared with the check（CK, no fertilizer application） and single nitrogen fertilizer （N only）,combined application of N and P（NP） significantly increased both biomass and grain yield of winter wheat by 400% and summer corn by 100%; Compared with NP, treatment, N only, combined appplication of P and K（PK）, and combined application of N and K（NK）,increased crop yield not significantly. The yield increament for winter wheat and summer corn follows the following order：NPK ＋ pig manure（NPKM） or NPK ＋ straw 〉 NPK 〉 NP.The content of soil organic matter（OM） of NPKM treatment was higher than that of single chemical fertilizer treatment significantly. In comparison with CK, soil OM with treatments of NPK ＋ Straw,NPKM, NPK, NP and N only increased by 7.90%, 14.56%, 6.51%, 5.89% and 2.56%, respectively. Therefore, balanced application of N, Pand K, and combined application of NPK with Crop yield and organic materials play a very important role in improving soil OM status.