保护性耕作对华北平原冬小麦水分利用的影响

Effects of Conservation Tillage on Water Use of Winter Wheat in North China Plain

以保护性耕作长期定位试验为研究对象,比较分析了华北平原保护性耕作与传统耕作冬小麦田土壤水分的动态变化、作物耗水量、水分利用效率及作物产量。结果表明：免耕冬小麦田0-180 cm土壤含水量高于翻耕,随土层深度的加深含水量之间差异减少。土体0-30 cm贮水量呈波浪状变化,其中免耕具有很好的蓄水保墒作用;耕作处理之间0-180 cm的土体贮水量虽无显著差异,但免耕处理土体贮水量高于翻耕,秸秆还田高于无秸秆处理。秸秆直立免耕（ZT1）处理作物耗水量最少,分别比翻耕（CT）,翻耕＋秸秆还田（CTR）,旋耕＋秸秆还田（RTR）,秸秆粉碎免耕（ZT2）少消耗3.8,39.6,55.8,61.8 mm的水分;ZT1处理的产量为5 139.7 kg/hm^2,比CT（7 314.8 kg/hm^2）减产29.7%;ZT1处理水分利用效率为13.9 kg/（mm.hm^2）比CT减少32.4%。

The object of this work was to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage and conventional tillage on soil moisture dynamics, evapotranspiration （ET）, water use efficiency （WUE）and winter wheat yield in long-term tillage experiment of North China plain. The tillage treatments included conventional tillage（CT）,conventional tillage with stubble incorporating（CTR）, rotary tillage with residue（RTR）, zero-tillage（ZT1） that direct drilled with standing stubble and zero-tillage with residue（ZT2）.The results showed that no-tillage could increase soil moisture than conventional tillage in 0- 180 cm profile; and the moisture difference reduced as the soil layer increasing. Soil water storage showed with a wavy change in 0 - 30 cm profile; and zero-tillage had a good effect on water storage .Soil water storage of 0 - 180 cm profile was not significance difference among the tillage treatments,but water storage of zero-tillage than that of conventional tillage; soil water storage with stubble incorporation was higher than that of without stubble incorpration. Evapotranspiration （ET） of ZT1 was least, which reduced water use 3.8,39.6,55.8 and 61.8 mm respectively than CT, CTR, RTR, ZT2 ; however, the crop yield and WUE of ZT1 was 5 139.7 kg/hm^2 and 13.9 kg/（mm. hm^2 ）, which compared conventional tillage （CT） respectively reduced 29.7% and 32.4%.