平谷区2006年学校和幼儿园水痘疫情流行病学分析

The Analysis of Pox in Schools and Kindergarten of Pinggu District in 2006

目的了解平谷区水痘疫情流行情况,为制定水痘疫情防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2006年平谷区水痘疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2006年平谷区共发生多发疫情8起,其中有1起达到国家突发公共卫生事件报告试行标准;散发132起,合计病例305例,全区平均罹患率为76.25/10万。其中平谷区学校、幼儿园病例占84.92%;主要以4～7岁和8～15岁儿童发病为主,男女发病比例为1.54∶1;对于病例的处理,全区采取隔离和应急接种水痘疫苗,2006年全区共接种17所学校和5所幼儿园,共1519人次。结论2006年平谷区水痘疫情主要发生在夏、冬两季,水痘是一种呼吸道传染病,易在学校、幼儿园集体单位引起流行,做好对患病学生的隔离和宣传工作是预防控制学校水痘流行和扩散的重要措施,应急接种对今后疫情发生起重要作用,而对当次疫情作用不明显,但当次疫情隔离措施落实至关重要。

Objective To discuss the epidemic situation of chicken pox in Pinggu district in 2006 in order to provide scientific evidence for further control. Methods All outbursting cases of pox in Pinggu district in 2006 were collected and analysed. Results There were 8 incidences of pox in Pinggu district in 2006 and only one of them belonged to the outbursting public health affairs. The sporadic was 132, the number of all patients 305, infection rate 76.25/100 000, mainly happening in the kindergarten and school which was 84.92%. Age was concentrated in 4 to 7 years old and 8 to 15 years old. The incidence ratio of sex was 1.54：1. Isolation and injection should be done when the case was confirmed. Conclusion Different steps and measures should be done to prevent the pox.