赛加羚羊(Saiga　tatarica)生态适应性研究──生态环境的差异性分析

ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF SAIGATATARICA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCE IN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

自１９８８～１９９３年，结合《引进赛加羚羊驯化研究》，对赛加羚羊现代分布区、国内历史分布区和４３个样点的１１项气象地理要素计算欧氏距离和模糊相似优先化，并进一步作气候图解分析．发现引种区甘肃武威地区的生态环境与赛加羚羊现代分布区中的别特帕克达拉等地具有一定的相似性，气候类型介于哈萨克斯坦的半荒漠与荒漠草原之间，更相似于荒漠草原。认为赛加羚羊同其它生物种一样，有其特定的生态位，但随生态条件的变化而变化。要保证生态效能的充分发挥，赛加羚羊必须与环境统一，途径有三，其中在生态环境基本相似的区域内引种才是可行的。甘肃武威地区便是这种区域之一。

E′distance and fuzzy resemble order of 11 ecological and geographical factors in 43 sample plots in the current distribution area, domestic historic distribution areas and introduction area of Saiga tatarica were studies and the climatic diagrams in these plots were analysed as part of the research project entitled as ″A Study on Domestation of Introduced Saiga tatarica ″. The result shows that the ecological environment of its introduction area(Wuwei, Gansu province) were similar to those in its current distribution areas. The climate type of the introduction area is between the steppe belt and semidesert steppe in Kazakhatan and more closed to the semidesert steppe. Like other species, Saiga tatarica has its own ecological niche, which changes along with the change of ecological conditions. To bring the ecological effectiency into full play, Saiga tatarica must be adapted to the environment. There are three ways theoratically. Among them, introduction to the ecologically similar area is practical. Wuwei, Gansu province is one of this kind of areas. It is necessary to analyze the situation of food resource and the function of each ecological factors.