爆裂玉米高产生育特性的研究

STUDY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIGH YIELD IN POPCORN

１９９４～１９９５年在江苏农学院农场春播，用４个爆裂玉米材料与普通玉米高产品种西玉３号进行对比试验，研究爆玉米的生育特性。结果表明：爆玉米的出叶进程与对照相同，籽粒灌浆结实期比对照短７～１０ｄ；爆玉米叶窄长，苗期叶面积增加慢，最大ＬＡＩ小，高值ＬＡＩ稳定期短，花后ＬＡＩ下降快，一生尤其花后光合势小；株细高，穗位高；根数少和粒重粒叶比低的特征进而强烈影响物质生产和产量形成；籽粒产量是对照的３８．６６％～４６．４０％；植株一生的干物质积累尤以拔节前和吐丝后的生育阶段的积累量较低，不同器官的干物质积累尤以穗粒的积累能力差；提高产量的途径是增加粒数和粒重并重；培壮茎秆，促进气生根发生，提高叶系尤其是花后叶系的净同化率，扩大籽粒库容量。

In 1994￣1995, 4 popcorn cultivars were cultivated with high yield field management and compared with dent corn cultivar Xiyu3 to research the characteristics about growth and development. The results shown that the popcorn cultivars had similar leafage progress as Xiyu3 but the grain filling stage shorter 7￣10 days than Xiyu3. The popcorn cultivars had narrow leafblades that made LAI increase slower during seedling stage and maximum LAI smaller as well as LAI decrease quicker during grain filling stage. Therefore the popcorn plant had lower leafarea duration special for grain filling stage. The stalks were taller and thinner with higher ear shoot position. The root systems were less extensive and the grain leaf ratios smaller. The grain yield were 32.31%￣51.08% of Xiyu3 and the plant upground dry matter accumulation were special lower at seedling had grain filling stages and different organs dry matter accumulation were ear shot and grains particular lower than Xiyu3. To increase grain yield in popcorn, the cultivation should particularly make the plant have stornger stalk and root system and increase the grain formation and the grain leaf ratio to improve NAR and dry matter accumulation specially in grain filling stage.