再论宪法概念

Again on the Concept of Constitution

宪法概念是法律事实而非社会事实,是制度事实而非自然事实,是规范事实而非生活事实,具体表现为宪法所规范的权利义务关系。它既可存在于形式宪法中,也可存在于实质宪法中,其中宪法文本是宪法概念最主要的表现形式。如果以社会学或者哲学方法进行研究,宪法文本并非不可以批判,但法学方法的宪法学是对宪法概念进行描述基础上的逻辑分析,并体系化。欲证立中国宪法概念,须以普遍性宪法价值为前提,以中国宪法文本为基础,厘定其法律含义,梳理其传承和变化过程,确立这些宪法概念的当代含义,按照我国宪法理论和法律逻辑使之体系化。这意味着对宪法概念的研究必须回到宪法文本,体系化的宪法学可称为宪法释义学。

The concept of constitution is legal, systematic and normative facts instead of social, unnatural and life facts, which is shown by the relationship between rights and duties stipulated by constitution. It exists in formal constitution or substantive constitution and constitutional text is the main form of the concept. If with sociology or philosophy, constitutional text can be criticized but constitutional jurisprudence with legal methods is the logical analysis of the concept on the basis of description and systemization. To establish the concept of Chinese constitution, we should, on the premise of universal constitutional value and on the basis of Chinese constitutional text, define its legal meanings, sort out the process of inheritance and change, establish modern meanings of these concepts and systemize it according to constitutional theory and legal logic. This means that the study of the concept should come back to constitutional text and systemized constitutional jurisprudence can be called constitutional commentaries.