论相邻关系的役权性质

On the Servitus Character of Adjacent Relation

相邻关系是人们日常生活中经常会遇到的问题,是指不动产相邻各方为了自己不动产的利益和便利,而使用对方不动产的权利。而地役权同样具有相同的功能。但是,在继受德国民法典传统的大陆法系国家,大多把相邻关系规定在所有权下,视为对所有权的限制或扩张,而把地役权规定在他物权中,这种立法模式人为地割裂了二者的联系,没有看到二者同源同性,都源于罗马法中地役权的规定,具有相同的役权性质。二者也有不同点,任何事物都是有差异的,不能因为差异的存在就否定二者的深刻联系。相邻关系应作为法定地役权,通常意义上的地役权作为约定地役权,统一规定于役权(地役权)项下。

The issue of adjacent relation is commonly seen in daily life, which refers to the adjacent relation between two parties of real estate. One party takes advantage of other party＇s fight to gain its interest. Servitude has the same function. The present author holds that adjacent relation shall be regarded as legal servitude and the traditional servitude be taken as agreed servitude.