测度副词“敢”、“敢是”的形成及其演化

The Formation and the Development of the Estimate Adverb "Gan(敢)" and "Gan Shi(敢是)"

测度副词"敢"是在反诘副词"敢"的基础上形成的。"敢"开始兼表测度与疑问语气,后来可以仅表测度语气。测度副词"敢是"与测度副词"敢"在语义上相关联,其形成是一个跨层结构词汇化的过程。在语气演化上,"敢是"与"敢"相同。类化是语法化的重要机制之一。

The estimate adverb ＂Gan（敢）＂ takes shape on the base of rhetorical adverb ＂Gan（敢）＂. ＂Gan（敢）＂ showed both estimate tone and doubt tone at first, and nowit showed only estimate tone. The estimate adverb ＂Gan Shi（敢是）＂and the estimate adverb ＂Gan（敢）＂ are relevant in meaning, whose formation is a changing course in vocabulary across different structures.They are the same in the development of tone. Analogy is one of important mechanism of grammaticalization.