满语、赫哲语濒危原因对比探析

Comparing and Study of Endangering Causes of Manchu and Hezhen Language

满—通古斯语族中的满语、赫哲语已被我国语言学界确认为濒危语言,目前仅有黑龙江省一些满族村屯和赫哲族集居地的部分老人能使用满语、赫哲语。本文运用人类文化语言学、比较语言学、社会语言学的理论方法,在对满语、赫哲语的发展变化深入调查基础上,进行濒危原因的对比探析。虽然自然条件、历史背景和社会发展变迁等多种因素是构成满语、赫哲语的濒危原因,而满语、赫哲语因各有不同的自然条件与社会发展变迁特性,并处于不同的生态环境与社会环境中,其濒危原因亦有所不同。通过对满语、赫哲语的濒危原因进行调查分析、对比研究,可为濒危语言的发展演变规律研究提供科学依据。

The Manchu and Hezhen language of Manchu - Tungusic language group have been regarded as endangered language by the field of linguistics in China, which are used presently only by part of old people in some Manchu villages and Hezhen gathered living places. Based on the deep investigation on the two languages, the paper adopts the theory of anthropological cultural linguistics, comparative linguistics and social linguistics to compare and analyze the endangered causes. Although the nature condition, historical backgrounds, social development and other factors are contribution to the deadline of the two languages, the different ecological and social environment lead to the various endangered trace of them. The investigation and analysis, the comparing and research of the endangered causes of Manchu and Hezhen language can provide scientific proof for studying the development and transition law of endangered languages.