语言转用之残余形式的活标本——北京市密云县檀营满族语言调查复议

A Living Sample about the Remains of Language Transfer——Restudy of the Investigation of Manchu Language in Mi-yun County of Beijing

语言转用是语言接触中的一个重要环节,或称为语言影响的极端或终极形式,也是语言关系研究中的一个重要内容。北京市密云县檀营满族蒙古族乡系北京地区少数民族典型世居社区之一,该乡的满族虽然从总体上已转用汉语,并已基本完成语言转用的全过程,但从调查数据和相关材料来看,檀营满族的口语和命名中仍局部保留了一些满语形式,某些群体主观上追逐和传承满族传统文化的心态,为我们提供了一个具有普遍意义的语言转用模式和活的研究标本,其独特的多学科研究价值不言而喻。本文力图在语言转用问题的认识上有所归纳和总结,并就目前国内外方兴未艾的濒危语言研究提出自己的某些看法和见解。

As a phenomenon being noted in language contact, language transfer is the extreme or ultimate result of the language effect, which is also an important issue in the field of language relation research. The Tan -ying Manchu ＆ Mongolia Autonomy County of Mi -yun is a representative living area for the people of ethnic groups, where they have been living for several hundred years. The people there are almost converted as the Chinese speakers totally, and the language transfer has already finished. From our research, however, we noticed that in the speaking language and the naming tradition of the Manchu people there, the remains of the Manchu language could be found, and those people willing to inherit the Manchu traditional culture, still aspire to inherit their lost custom. This provides us a sample in language transfer research, and it is meaningful issue for many subjects. This paper manages to sum up the different ideas of language transfer and puts for- ward special views on the research of endangered language which is still growing both in China and abroad.