多糖类免疫促进剂在虾类疾病控制上的应用研究进展

Research Status of Utilizing Polysaccharides as an Immunostimulant Source in Shrimp Disease Control

免疫促进剂是一种直接作用于和免疫系统激活有关的细胞系统,以提高机体的免疫力的物质,在虾类养殖中已得到广泛应用.多糖类免疫促进剂包括葡聚糖、角素、壳聚糖、香菇多糖和裂褶菌多糖,都已被证实具有免疫增强效果.免疫促进剂的使用方法包括注射法、口服法和浸泡法,应用中应结合实际情况选用最合适的方法.免疫促进剂的应用中存在着效果不持久、过量使用、影响虾体性激素的分泌等问题.免疫促进剂可以作为化学药物和疫苗的补充,建议在应用中与疫苗结合,以取得最佳的疾病控制效果.

Immunostimulant is a substance that enhances the immune system by interacting directly with cells of the system activating them.It has been applied widely in shrimp aquaculture.The immunostimulans,including glucan, chitin ,chitosan,lentinan and schizophyllan ,were proved to be efficient in enhancement of immune system.There are three methods of administrating immunostimulant ,which are injection ,oral administration and immersion.A method meeting the requirements of real situations will be considered as an optimal method.The deficiencies of immunostimulant application exist in three aspects as long-term effect,excess dose and sex hormone secretion. Immunostimulants may be able to compensate for the limitations of chemotherapeutics and vaccines.Thus,it could be a powerful tool to control shrimp disease when combined with vaccines.