论黄宗羲民主思想

Brief discussion on Huang Zongxi's democratic thoughts

黄宗羲在《明夷待访录》中提出"以天下为主,君为客"的政治原则,这与儒家传统的"民贵君轻"说法有根本区别;他明确指出,"官者,分身之君也",从根本上颠覆了传统的君臣观;他称一家之法为非法之法,而真正的法是天下之法,具有国家宪法的性质;他还提出要"公其非是于学校",学校具有现代议会的某些功能。这些都表明,黄宗羲的社会政治的思想确实具有民主性,他是中国近代民主思想的先驱。

：Huang Zongxi put forward political principle that ＂people are the first and the emperor is the second＂ in his Mingyi Daifang Lu： A Ming Barbarian Waiting for a Visitor, which is basically different from the Confucius idea that ＂ emperor is the first and the people are the second＂. Huang Zongxi clearly pointed out that ＂A cadre is another part of the emperor＂, which basically denied the traditional idea of the relationship between an emperor and a cadre. He pointed out that the laws made by one party are not really laws, however, real laws should be the laws of a whole country and have the character of a country＇s constitution. He also pointed out that ＂ the right and wrong should be judged by schools＂ and that schools have some functions of a modern parliament. These indicate that Huang Zongxi social and political thoughts really had democratic character and he is a pioneer of China modern democratic thoughts.