危重烧伤患者入院初期护理工作量及其影响因素的研究

Research on nursing workload in early period in hospital for patients with severe burns

目的调查并分析危重烧伤患者入院1～5d的护理工作量及其影响因素，为危重烧伤病房护理人力配备提供理论依据。方法对2000年1月-2006年3月对在某烧伤中心住院治疗的133例危重烧伤患者入院1～5d的护理时数进行统计，应用多因素逐步回归分析影响护理工作量的因素。结果危重烧伤患者入院1～5d，除第4、5天之间的护理时数分值差异无统计学意义外（P〉0．05），其余各天之间护理时数分值差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；烧伤总面积、吸入性损伤严重程度、头面烧伤、手烧伤和浅Ⅱ度烧伤是影响危重烧伤患者入院1～5d护理时数分值的因素。结论危重烧伤患者入院1～5d，以第1天护理工作量最大，其后随入院天数的增加而逐日递减，至第4、5天趋于平稳；其中烧伤总面积大、吸入性损伤程度重、有头面烧伤、手烧伤者护理工作量大，需加大护理人力配备，而浅Ⅱ度烧伤面积大者，护理工作量轻，可相应减少人力。

Objective In order to know the nursing workload in the foremost five days in hospital for patients with severe bums, and then support suggestion for nursing manpower management, Methods Investigated the nursing time among 133 patients with severe bums, analyzed the data by logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results There were significant differences in nursing time between the different days excepting for the fourth and the fifth day in hospital. Body surface of bum, injury degree of inhalation, cephalofacial bum, hand bum and Ⅱ superificial bum were the influencing factors of nursing time. Conclusion Nursing workload in the first day in hospital is the heaviest. The bum nursing workload should be allocated according to the clinical practice.