四川省洪雅县工矿区燃煤型氟中毒调查分析

Investigation on coal-burning fluorosis in mineral factory areas of Hongya Cunty, Sichuan Province

目的 了解四川省洪雅县工矿区燃煤型氟中毒流行现状及相关因素。方法 选择洪雅县7个工矿区，以煤矿、冶炼企业密度在2．00个／km^2以上的4个乡镇为暴露组，密度在2．00个／km^2以下的3个乡镇为对照组。对人群进行氟斑牙、氟骨症病情调查，并测定空气、烟尘、食物含氟量及儿童尿氟水平。结果①暴露组与对照组比较，氟斑牙总检出率及8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率差异均有统计学意义（Х^2值分别为830．849、9．615，P〈0．01）；而氟骨症检出率差异无统计学意义（Х^2=1．075，P〉0．05）。②暴露组室内、外空气及烟尘含氟量高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为5．87、17．82、7．68，P〈0．01）。③暴露组居民食物含氟量与对照组比较，除腊肉（t=0．06，P〉0．05）外，大米、玉米、马铃薯及饮用水含氟量差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为6．86、6．18、4、58、236．59，P〈0．01）。④儿童尿氟水平两组比较差异无统计学意义（t=0．47，P〉0．05）。结论 工矿分布对地方性氟中毒病情有影响，防治氟中毒要以空气降氟为重点。

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic status and relative factors on coal-burning fluorosis in areas having mineral mills or factory in Hongya County, Sichuan Province. Methods Seven endemic areas of mineral mills and factories were chosen in Hongya County. Four towns having 2.00 or more coal mineral mills and metallurgical plant per km^2 were allocated into the exposure group, and three towns having less than 2.00 per km^2 the control group. The dental fluorosis rate and skeletal fluorosis had been investigated. Fluorine content in air, food, smoke dust and urine fluorine level had been surveyed. Results ①Dental fluorosis rates of the total population and the children of 8- 12 years old was statistically significantly different between the exposure group and the control group （Х^2 = 830.849,9.615, P 〈 0.01 ）, however, skeletal fluorosis was not（Х^2 = 1.075, P 〉 0.05）.②Air fluorine content inside and outside the house and the outside smoke was higher in the exposure group than in the control group （t = 5.87,17.82,7.68, P 〈 0.01）. ③In addition to cured meat（t = 0.06, P 〉 0.05）, the rice, corn, potato and water fluorine content had significant difference between the exposure group and the control group（t = 6.86,6.18,4.58,236.59, P〈 0.01 ）. ④the children＇s urine fluorine content level had no significant difference between two groups （t = 0.47, P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions The distribution of mineral mills and metallurgical plant has an effect on the incidence of endemic fluorosis. Air defluoridation is a key measure to prevent and control coal-buring fluorosis.