青少年心电图波形特征及变化规律的分析

The analysis of electrocardiogram waveform characteristics and changing rules on 2387 young people

目的 观察青少年人群心电图波形的特点及规律，为克山病的心电图诊断提供参考依据。方法 随机抽取城市青少年2387例进行心电图描记，测量Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ1、Ⅴ3，Ⅴ5，导联的R、S和T波振幅，按性别和年龄分组统计。结果 RⅢ、Rv5、Sv1、Sv3的振幅在不同的年龄段男性明显高于女性（P〈0．001）；正向T波振幅男性均高于女性，Ⅲ、Ⅴ1、Ⅴ3，、Ⅴ5，正向T波振幅男性随年龄增长而增高，女性增高后又降低；Ⅲ导联负向T波在男女每个年龄组均可发生；Ⅴ1和Ⅴ3导联上的负向T波深度男女均随年龄增长而变浅。结论 青少年心电图各有自己的波形特征；Ⅲ（aVF）和Ⅴ5导联R波振幅正常值应依据不同性别和年龄而定；TⅢ〉T1和Tv1〉Tv5综合征在健康青少年中出现是一种正常现象。

Objective To observe the amplitude characteristics and the evolution rules of electrocardiogram of adolescents and to provide the references for electrocardiogram diagnosis for Keshan disease. Methods 2387 urban adolescents were randomly selected to ＇record electrocardiogram. The amplitude of R, S and T waves were measured in Ⅰ , Ⅲ, Ⅴ1, Ⅴ3, Ⅴ5 leads separately. The results were statistically analyzed according to their sex and age to draw a changing curve of amplitude. Results The male＇s amplitudes of RⅢ, Rv5, Svl and Sv3 in different ages and positive T waves in 5 leads were obviously bigger than that of female （P 〈 0.001 ）. Positive direction T wave amplitudes in leads Ⅲ, Ⅴ1, Ⅴ3, Ⅴ5 increased in the male and initially increased followed by a decrease in the female. In lead Ⅲ, the negative direction T wave appears in each age group. In the leads of Ⅴ1 and Ⅴ3, the amplitude of negative direction T wave was gradually decreased along with the age increasing. Conclusions ①The electrocardiogram of young people is characteristic. ②The normal values of R wave amplitude in Ⅲ（aVF） and Ⅴ5 lead depend on different sex and age. ③the appearance of TⅢ 〉 Tl and Tw 〉 Tv5 syndrome in healthy young people are normal.