SNPs检测方法研究进展

Advances in Methods for SNP Detection

分子标记在生物的遗传多样性分析、基因标记、连锁图谱的构建、基因组结构与功能研究、遗传改良和医学研究等领域有重要的应用价值。SNP作为一类新型分子标记,在上述诸多领域特别是关联分析和单体型构图中有特殊的应用价值,近几年研究取得了长足进展。但SNP标记又不象以往的RFLP或基于PCR的标记,后者都有基本统一的检测方法,SNP的检测方法多种多样,而且每年都有许多新的检测技术问世。对SNP检测方法进行系统了解,对SNP研究有着重要意义。SNP检测方法可以划分为杂交法、熔解法、电泳法、测序法、化学法、酶学法、物理法以及它们的组合方法。作者对SNP检测方法进行了较详细的回顾和分析。

Molecular markers have been playing an important role in biodiversity assessment, gene mapping, construction of linkage maps, analysis of genome structure and function, genetic improvement and medical researches, etc. Single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）, as a new type of molecular marker, is invaluable in the fields mentioned above, in particular in association analysis and haplotype mapping. SNPs have been exploited to a great extent in recent years. There are various kinds of detection systems for SNP markers unlike RFLP or PCR-based markers, each of which has almost a unique detection procedure. Therefore, it is of importance to have a comprehensive understanding of detection methodologies. These techniques can be classified into detection systems by hybridization, melting dynamics, electrophoresis, sequencing, chemistry, enzymology, physics, and various combination among them although many of them are based on different mechanisms. In this paper, we will have a detailed review and analysis on SNP detection procedures.