两种诊断标准下2141名学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

A survey on blood lead level of preschool children in Fengtai district of Beijing with two diagnostic criteria

目的：了解不同诊断标准下北京市丰台区2006年学龄前儿童血铅水平。方法：采取整群分层随机抽样的方法,选择北京市丰台区6所城区幼儿园和6所农村幼儿园在园2～6岁儿童2 141名儿童,测定其血铅值,分别以卫生部《儿童高血铅症和铅中毒分级和处理原则（试行）》和美国CDC制定儿童铅中毒标准为依据进行分析。结果：丰台区学龄前儿童血铅水平均数为73.90μg/L,其中血铅水平≥100μg/L的比例为10.46%;儿童血铅水平存在显著的性别差异,男童血铅水平≥100μg/L发生率高于女童,且具有统计学意义。血铅水平以2岁组儿童血铅水平最高;儿童血铅水平无显著的地域差异,城市儿童血铅水平和血铅≥100μg/L的发生率与农村儿童无差别（P〉0.05）。结论：两种诊断标准相比,国内标准引入“高血铅症”概念,缩小了“铅中毒”的范围,但是两种不同的诊断标准,防治原则却基本相同,“高血铅症”同样应引起足够警惕和重视,无论在哪一种诊断标准下,都应积极防治铅损伤,保护儿童健康。

Objective：To estimate blood lead level of preschool children in Fengtai district of Beijing with two different diagnostic criteria. Methods： ＇lhe authors investigated the blood lead level of 2 141 preschool children. And we have a analyses with diagnostic criteria of Department of Health and American CDC.Results：The mean blood lead level was 73.90μg/L, and 224 children（10.46% ） were found with a blood lead level≥ 100μg/L. ＇lhe blood lead level and prevalence rate of blood load level≥ 100μg/L have no difference with different districts. The highest level of lead was found in children of 2 years old group.And it is significance of the sex differences. Concluslon： Compared to diagnostic criteria of Amerian CDC, the diagnostic criteria of Department of Health adhibit＂high lead level＂and grow downwards limit of lead poisoning. But two different diagnostic criteria have identical principle of prevention and cure. We should have active and diversiform measures to promote children health.