论西方自然诗的三种境界

Three categories of western nature poems

西方自然诗人以不同的方式面对自然,使自然诗呈现出丰富多彩的境界。一是"无我之境",强调自然的愉悦功能,注重反映和再现自然美本身,"无我之境"是西方自然诗中最为普遍的情形;二是"有我之境",突出自然的寄情功能,诗人将自我情感外化于自然,使自然"皆着我之色彩","有我之境"在西方自然诗中没有得到充分的体现;三是"忘我之境",诗人与自然融为一体,成为自然的一部分,这种"天人合一"的境界,是物我关系的最高境界。

Nature poets in the west view nature from different perspectives, which contributes to the richness and great variety of western nature poems. Generally speaking, nature poems in the west fall into three categories, the first of which, characterized by unselfconsciousness with focus on the delighting function of nature and representation of beauty of nature, is the most popular. The second features self-consciousness, with nature in the poem imbued with the feelings of the poet. Self-con- sciousness has not been fully represented in western nature poems. In the third category of poems, the poet has become one part of nature with his ＂self＂ lost in nature, which is in fact a kind of integration of man and nature, the highest realm that can be reached.