批判、借助和吸纳——对马克思主义经典作家关于民族主义论述的再认识

Criticism,Borrowing and Absorption:Re-Thinking Classic Marxist Writers'Explications on Nationalism

马克思主义经典作家在对民族主义持一般反对态度的同时,也对民族主义的进步性做了肯定,对不同性质的民族主义做了区别。根据经典作家的理论设想和世界历史的发展实践,民族主义是实现无产阶级革命和社会主义目标必需的"过渡"性途径。民族主义有着极为鲜明的两重性,既与民族本位、偏狭与排外倾向相通,又为反对压迫和不公提供动员手段,为社会进步提供有效的政治建构和认同。马克思主义经典作家对这个两重性有着清晰的辨别,对其消极性做了严厉的鞭挞和批判,而将它的积极因素在实践上加以借助,在理论上吸纳改造,使其成为马克思主义民族理论的重要内容。马克思主义经典作家对于民族主义的批判、借助和吸纳,既是矛盾的,又是统一的。

Although opposing nationalism in general,classic Marxist writers affirm its progressiveness and distinguish its different characters.According to their theoretical supposition and the development of world history,nationalism is the necessary transition to realize the proletariat revolution and the socialist goal.With its extremely obvious duality,nationalism is interlinked with ethnocentrism,biases and exclusivism on the one hand,but on the other provides means of mobilization for opposition against oppression and injustice and for effective political construction and identity for social progress.With clear distinction for such a duality,classic Marxist writers criticize severely its negativity,whereas borrow its positive elements and absorb them in theory,making them the important part of Marxist nationality theory.Classic Marxist writers' criticism,borrowing and absorption of nationalism are both contradictory and unified.