儒学发展的四个阶段和五种文化作用

The Four Stages and Five Cultural Functions of Confucianism in Chinese History

儒学的发展经历了"原儒"、"真儒"、"后儒"、"今儒"四个阶段。儒学成为主流意识形态后,从伦理的角度为皇权统治的正当性提供了支撑性的文化理念,也是谏诤良臣规范君权的道德支点,更是维护既得利益的文化工具。儒学曾被当作改革的理论依据,但历史上借儒学进行的改革都没有成功。另外,儒学还是革命造反的文化资源。儒学的多重文化功能,增加了其在传统文明中的文化生命力。

Confucianism has gone through four stages in history： the original one before Confucian, the real Confucians, the one after the real Confucians, and the Confucians in contemporary. In Chinese history, the Confucianism as a kind of main ideology had provided the empire sovereignty with a cultural support of ethical rightfulness. It was also a kind of moral fulcrum for the good subjects to criticize and persuade the emperors＇ wrong doings. Besides, it was a cultural tool in maintaining the vested benefits of traditional society. Finally, it was a cultural resource for revolutions and rebellions in Chinese history. The multiple cultural functions of Confucianism have increased its culture vitality in history.