照抄还是扬弃:明清时期广西户口数字辨析

Citing Primal Data or Selective Adoption: An Analysis of the Official Data of Population in Guangxi During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期中央王朝加强了对广西的控制,但作为封建政府重要工作的户口编审在广西却成效有限,户口数字在许多时候仅是赋税单位,这在明代和清前期尤为突出。通过对广西地方志资料的系统梳理和细致辨析明清时期广西的官方户口数字,指出土司地区基本上不进行户口编审,而在汉族聚居区,户口的编审也多失实,明代尤其突出。清乾隆十四年以后,虽然官方户口数字总体较为接近实际,但如果具体分析各府州县的册载户口数,仍然可以发现大量问题,因此也需慎重使用。

The central government enforced the control on Guangxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although being an important job carried out by feudal government, the investigation and statistics of population couldn＇t be implemented successfully in Guangxi, the official data of population were only fiscal unit at many times, which was appeared obviously during the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. The author takes full advantage of local historical documents, analyses the data of population carefully in Guangxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. We find that there isn＇ t the investigation and statistics of population in Aboriginal office region on the whole, and many data of population don＇ t accord with the true population in the region inhabited by Han nationality, especially in the Ming Dynasty. After the 14th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, although the official data of population approach to the truth totally, there are many problems in the data of population of some Prefecture, Sub - prefecture and County. So we must use the official data of population in history discreetly.