日光温室黄瓜冬春茬栽培氮磷钾吸收特性研究

Nutrients Absorption Properties of Cucumber in Long-Season Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

【目的】在日光温室内,以黄瓜品种津绿3号为试材,进行冬春茬栽培,研究黄瓜对主要矿质营养氮、磷、钾的吸收特性。【方法】分别于苗期、初花期、初瓜期、盛瓜初期、盛瓜中期、盛瓜末期、拉秧期测定黄瓜的根、茎、叶、瓜等部位氮、磷、钾的含量。计算不同生育时期黄瓜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量、吸收速率及吸收比例。【结果】在本试验条件下,黄瓜在不同时期对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例不同,全生育期内N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.63:1.36。氮、磷、钾的吸收量呈单峰曲线,盛瓜中期达最大值,植株对养分的吸收速率最大值也出现在盛瓜期,盛瓜期吸收的N、P2O5、K2O分别占全生育期吸收总量的73.10%、71.08%、70.65%,黄瓜产量占全生育期产量的71.91%。进入采收期每生产100kg黄瓜产品需吸收N为0.18～0.27kg,P2O5为0.10～0.16kg,K2O为0.19～0.36kg。【结论】黄瓜对主要矿质营养的吸收比例只与其本身特性有关,而与栽培方式及栽培季节无关。

【Objective】The experiment was conducted using Jinlü 3 cucumber variety in solar greenhouse in order to study the absorption properties to N,P2O5,K2O in winter-spring cultivation.【Method】The contents of N,P2O5,K2O of different parts of cucumber at different growth stages were determined,and the uptake rate and proportion of N,P2O5,K2O of cucumber at different growth stages were calculated.【Result】 The results showed that the proportion of absorbed nutrients of N,P2O5,K2O was different at different growth stages of cucumber,N：P2O5：K2O was 1：0.63：1.36.In all growth period,the content of absorbed N,P2O5,K2O was a single peak curve,the maximum appeared at the middle stage of picking.The peak stage of nutrient uptake rate appeared at the middle stage of picking,so the middle stage of picking is the sensitive stage to nutrient absorption.The plant needs N 0.18-0.27 kg,P2O5 0.10-0.16 kg,and K2O 0.19-0.36 kg to produce 100 kg cucumber product.【Conclusion】The proportion of absorbed nutrients of N,P2O5,K2O depends on its characteristics of cucumber,has no relations with cultivation.