中国北方燃煤型和工业复合型城市汞污染对比研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MERCURY POLLUTION IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPICAL CITIES OF NORTHERN CHINA:COAL-CONSUMED AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES

文章研究了中国北方燃煤型城市长春市和工业复合型城市葫芦岛市汞污染状况。长春市表层土壤汞含量为0．030～0．272mg·kg^-1，土壤汞具有从市中心向城市外围递减的趋势；葫芦岛市土壤汞污染严重，表层土壤汞含量为0．055～14．575mg·kg^-1，土壤表层汞含量以锌冶炼厂和氯碱厂及其附近为中心，向外围辐散降低，呈双中心分布；燃煤型城市长春市水中汞含量为0．089～0．567μg·L^-1，沉积物汞含量0．042～3．183mg·kg^-1；葫芦岛市历史上受纳氯碱厂污水的五里河水中汞含量0．102-0．716μg·L^-1，沉积物汞含量0．254～52．510mg·kg^-1。工业城市汞污染是我国汞污染最重的地区之一，其生态风险应引起重视。

Mercury pollution was studied in coal-based cities-Changchun and Huludao in the north of China. In Changchun City, the mercury contents in surface soil layer were 0. 030-0. 272 mg. kg^-1 with a descending trend from the center to the periphery. The regional soil was heavily polluted by mercury, and the mercury contents in surface soil layer were 0. 055- 14. 575 mg. kg^-1 in Huludao City. The mercury contents in surface soil layer decreased radically with dual centers around the factory for zinc smelting and chlor-alkai production; the contents of mercury in water were 0. 089-0. 567 μg . L^-1 , and 0. 042-3. 183 mg . kg^-1 in sediments in Changchun City. The study indicated that water and soil were seriously polluted by mercury. The Hg, in the Wuli River into which wastewater was discharged from the chlor-alkali plant ranged from 0. 102 to 0. 716 μg . L^-1 , the contents of mercury were 0. 254-52. 510 mg. kg^-1 in sediments. This industrial city is one of the areas suffering from the heaviest mercury pollution and more attention should be paid to its ecological and public health risks.