四川部分地区阿片类药物依赖人群生命质量及其影响因素的研究

Study on the quality of life and its impact factors of drug users with opiate dependence in three cities in Sichuan

目的调查四川地区三城市阿片类药物依赖人群生命质量,找出影响生命质量的因素。方法用SF-36量表和PSSS量表来评估阿片类药物依赖人群的生命质量和社会支持,同时用自编量表调查该人群的一般特征及其与药物依赖相关的因素。用t检验、相关分析、方差分析和多元线形逐步回归等统计分析对资料进行分析。结果①阿片类药物依赖人群的生命质量显著性低于正常对照人群(P<0.001);该人群的社会支持在PSSS量表所测的不同领域均低于对照人群(P<0.001)。②单因素分析时,年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、收入、吸烟、患有慢性病、社会支持的3个维度、吸毒方式、共用针管、家庭成员吸毒、吸毒时间、吸毒剂量、戒毒方式及复吸次数等17种因素与研究人群生命质量的各领域或部分领域均有关系。③多因素分析后发现,对研究人群生命质量的主要影响因素是吸毒时间、吸毒剂量、家庭外源性社会支持、全部社会支持、共用针管和收入。婚姻状况、家庭内源性社会支持、吸毒方式、患有慢性病、吸烟、家庭成员吸毒、戒毒方式及复吸次数等因素则对个别领域有影响。结论四川地区三城市阿片类药物依赖人群生命质量较低,且缺乏足够的社会支持。

Objective To analyze the quality of life （QOL） of drug users with opiate dependence in 3 cities in Sichuan, find the impact factors of QOL, and provide some foundation for improving the QOL of this population. Methods The short form 36 （SF-36） and perceived social support scale （PSSS） were used to assess QOL and social support, respectively. A self-designed questionnaire that was utilized to investigate the general characteristics and factors related to drug dependence. The data were tested by the Student t test, correlated analysis, variance analysis, and linear stepwise multivariate regression. Results （ 1 ） The score of physical functioning, role-physical, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health of opiate users were significantly lower than that of the control （P 〈 0.001 ） .The social support of opiate users was significantly lower than the control when used the PSSS to evaluate various domain of social support （ P 〈 0.001 ）. （2） The univariate analysis showed that total 17 factors included age, marital status, education, occupation, economic income, smoking, chronic disease, 3 domains of social support, drug-taking manner, co-use syringe, drug-taking of family member, duration of drug-taking, dose of drug-taking, abstinence manner and relapse time were correlated with the all or part of the domains of the QOL. （3） The multivariate analysis indicated that the main factors involved in influenced the QOL of the opiate users were duration of drug-taking, dose of drug-taking, external social support of family,total social support, co-use syringe and economic income. Marital status, internal social support of family, drugtaking manner, chronic disease, smoking, drug-taking of family members, abstinence manner and relapse times had impacts on a few domains of the QOL. Conclusion The QOL of opiate users in 3 cities in Sichuan was low and they were lack of enough social support.