云南省9种矿物质元素在岩石—土壤—饲用植物中的分布及转移规律研究

Studies on the Distribution and Transportation of Mineral Nutrients from Rock and Soil to Forage in Main Geological Areas in Yunnan Province

对云南省反刍家畜主要生产基地所属的6个地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的钾、镁、铜、锌、锰、钴、铁、硒和碘等9种元素进行分析测定,结果表明:土壤和饲料中大多数矿物质元素含量在玄武岩(Ⅴ)和碳酸岩红壤区(Ⅰ)相对较丰富;碳酸岩盐、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区(Ⅱ)居中;而由碎屑岩(Ⅲ)和变质岩(Ⅵ)发育的土壤区土壤和饲料中元素含量相对最低。饲料中钴、铁和硒的含量受地质背景值特别是土壤中元素的丰度的影响较大,其次为铜、镁、锰、锌和钾,饲料中碘受地质背景影响最小。因此,在Ⅴ和Ⅰ区,反刍动物添加剂配方中铜、镁、锰、锌、钴、铁和硒添加可酌量减少,而Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ区,则必须重点考虑实际添加量。

To effectively formulating the animal feed for cattle this study analyzed the concentration of potassium, magnesium,copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iron, selenium and iodin in rock, soil and forage from the main ruminant production bases, which belong to six different geological background areas in Yunnan province, China. In Red Earth Areas of Paleozoic Basalt （Ⅴ） and Carbonzte （Ⅰ）, the mineral contents are highest. The next is Yellow-Red Earth Area of Mixed Type of Carbonate, Clastic Rock and Basalt （Ⅱ）. The Purple Earth Area of Mesozoic Clastic Rock （Ⅲ）, Yellow-Red Earth Area of Clastic Rock （Ⅳ） and Dark Red Earth Area of Precambrian Metamorphic Rock （Ⅵ）, have the lowest concentration of mineral nutrients in soils and forages. The contents of cobalt, iron and selenium in forages are significantly affected by geological background and soil. The next are copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc and potassium. The intents of iodine in forage are slightly affected by geological background. As a result, the supplements of magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iron and selenium in diet of ruminant feeds in bases Ⅴ andⅠshould be lower than bases Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅵ.