梁漱溟的早期工业化思想述论

A Commentary of Liang Shuming's Early Thought of Industrilization

梁漱溟的早期工业化思想来自于他的文化思想,是其乡村建设理论的重要组成部分。他认为现代化过程从根本上来说受制于文化,由于西方的侵略,中国既有的社会结构遭到破坏,西方式的新的社会结构又没能建立,所谓的中国问题,其实亦是文化问题。因此,中国问题的解决,要在重新建设一个社会的组织构造,并将农村的复兴和农业的发展摆在突出的位置。进而,他主张中国的工业化应该走一条以培养有效需求为动力的、由农业到工业、以合作社为主体进行非营利式经营的发展道路,我们称之为"迂回式工业化道路"。这一思想与其对中国国情的特殊认识紧密联系,他试图以乡村建设运动的方式实现文化建国,刷新中国的文化、经济和政治,但却过于重视工业化进程中的文化、社会变迁,忽视了对工业发展自身规律的探讨。而对国家和政府的未来走向所持的悲观论调又决定了他所提出的社会救济方案显得消沉和被动,缺乏实现的可能性。但其对农业的重视、对乡村工业的关照、对资本主义剥削的批判,仍然是其工业化思想的闪光点,这对于现今一系列问题的解决不无借鉴意义。

Liang Shuming＇s early thought of Industrilization which comes from his thought of culture, is an important part of his theory of countryside construction. He thinks that modernized process is essentially pinned down by culture. Because of west aggression, the original social structure of China is destroyed, meantime, the new social structure like west hasnt been sent up yet. Socalled Chinese problems are also culture problems. Therefore, in order to solve Chinese problems, a new social structure should be set. Country＇s risorgimento and argriculture＇s development need be put in the important place. Then he says Chinese industrilization should follow an unprofitable way from agriculture to industry which c.ultivates effective demand as the motive force, and makes the cooperative as the main part. We call it＂ A road of circuitous industrilization＂ . This keeps in touch with his special recognization to national conditions closely. He want to refurbish Chinese culture, econemy and policy in the way of countryside construction. But because of focusing on culture, society changes among Industrialization, he ignored the law of Industrial development. And also because of his pessimistic view on country and government＇s future, his scheme on social welfare seem inactive and passive. However, it has little possibility to put into practice. But there are still some flicker bums in his theory of countryside construction, such as he takes seriously on agriculture, pays more attention on Country Industry and criticizes Capitalism exploitation. All of these do good to a series of current problems.