信仰危机与中国大众文化崛起

The Belief Crisis and China Mass Culture Rises

中国大众文化崛起于20世纪后半叶,特别是在改革开放以后的20多年中。中国大众文化深深植根于市场经济的沃土并迅速壮大,与来自官方的主流文化、来自学界的精英文化相抗衡,与这两种文化相对立的社会主干性文化形态,成为一种具有文化征服和文化霸权意义的文化现象。这一过程始终是伴随着信仰危机所导致的孤独的文化大众对各种文化产品的需求这一特定背景的。计划经济体制的解体使得其体制下文化建设的一套专业作家创作体系也随之解体,取而代之的是文化创作者在市场经济体制条件下以市场为导向积极地进行文化创作,大众文化就在这种原有信仰式微而新的信仰还没有建立的情况下逐步成长起来。与此同时,信仰危机所导致的大众文化的发展壮大也是其自身娱乐性、感官性、刺激性的文化特质决定的,在当前这个以消费感官刺激为核心的时代,它是符合广大文化受众的消费需求的,而精英文化所倡导的权威主义、重视审美价值、人文价值、欣赏距离感的文化特质也只能站在边缘地带,逐步衰微下去了。

The mass culture of China rises in late 20 th century, especially over the 20 years after reform and open policy. It extends its root deeply to the market economy＇s fertile soil and grows healthily and strongly, and rapidly expands itself against the official mainstream culture and elite culture as the social branch culture shapes and becomes one kind of cultural phenomenon that includes the cultural conquest and cultural hegemony. This process happens with the demand for cultural product that the lonely cultural populace needs strongly because of the specific background of belief. The planned economy system＇s disintegration causes the system of specialized writers, which creates cultural construction for the government to collapse along with it, facing the sense of crisis that the belief crisis brings with, the cultural creator under the market economy system takes great efforts in cultural creation, the mass culture grows gradually with the declining original belief and new establishing belief. The mass culture＇s rapid growth is also determined by its own cultural feature such as entertain- ment-liking , sense-liking, feeling-liking and stimulation-liking. In a time of treating entertainmentand material incentive as its core concept, the mass culture is more likely to conform to the general cultural audiences＇ expense demand , so the elite culture, with its authoritative principle, esthetic value, humanities value, distance sence of appreciation, has to stand in the cultural boundary zone, gradually loses its cultural colors.