钱谦益女性墓志铭的特点及其文化意义

The Distinctive Features of the Epitaphs Written by Qian Qianyi for Women and Its Cultural Meaning

本文考察钱谦益的女性墓志铭,从中分析其夫妻观、女性观以及表现方法上的某些特点,并据以探究其背后蕴藏的文化意义。钱谦益钟情于挚友性质的夫妻关系,反映出晚明文人渴求精神生活的舒畅,并且向往日常生活中无拘无束、和谐美满的身心自由。钱谦益弘扬女性的阳刚之气,鼓吹女胜于男的观点,则体现了他的政治焦虑和反思意识。钱谦益的自我抒情和借题发挥,以及顽固的尚古思想,使得他的女性墓志铭在颇具文学色彩的同时,又有难以避免的矛盾和弊端。

The article studied the epitaphs written by Qian Qianyi tor women, analyzed the wewpomts of conjuagal relations and women in the epitaphs and some features of writing style, and looked for the cultural meaning. Qian Qianyi advocated the friendship betweent husband and wife. It showed the scholars in the Late Ming Dynasty wanted to a relaxed spiritual life and a free harmony dailylife. Qian Qianyi praised the women full of manliness and the woman＇s ability which was better than man, and his thoughts reflected his political worries and the consciousness of introspection. Qian Qianyi＇s emotional expression and the writing ways of making use of the subject under discussion to put over his own ideas, brought some literary colors to his epitaphs for women, and at the same time, the inevitable contradictions and problems.