鼠疫病史研究的方法论省思

The Scientific Method and Introspection of Plague History Research

通过19世纪最后20余年间中国、日本、荷兰,包括1929年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖得主爱克曼发现beriberi,中国专家吴存甫、罗汝兰出版《鼠疫汇编》,著名学者耶尔森发现鼠疫杆菌等历史过程的回顾,探讨了对当代学术思想的影响;在进一步论证古典脚气与鼠疫流行同一性的基础上,阐述了鼠疫流行对中国明清温疫与日本江户-明治脚气盛行的内在联系;分析了中西医家在宏观整体论与微观还原论等不同方法论指导下取得的历史成就与经验教训;结合百余年来有关病史悬案在中、英两种大百科全书注释中留下的疑云,剖析了近代医学发展史上涉及的科学研究方法论与医学发展复杂性话题。

In the last 20 years of the 19th century,plague prevailed in the world. During this period, Dijkman Christiaan, the Nobel Physiology and Medicine Prize owner, discovered ＂ beriberi＂ The Chinese specialists Wu Cunfu and Luo Rulan wrote the composition named ＂Collection of the Plague＂. And the famous scholar Yorsinia discovered the plague bacillus. This article aimed to find out the influence of the foregoing findings in the academic circle. The author further demonstrates the identity of historical beriberi and the plague, and also demonstrates the inner connection between the plague in Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties and that in the period of Edo and Meiji of Japan. The author also analyzes the macro-integrity and micro-regression. Combining the suspicions in the medical history concerning the Chinese and English Encyclopedia, the author gives out his own explanation of the scientific research measures and the complexity of the Chinese Medicine.