杭州沼泽性水域原生动物群落变化规律

Changes of protozoao community diversity in the swampy water area in Hangzhou, China

2005年4月-2006年3月调查了杭州市郊下沙区一个沼泽性水域原生动物群落的变化规律。共观察到各类原生动物265种,其中鞭毛虫114种,占原生动物总数的43%,其中植物性鞭毛虫占91%,动物性鞭毛虫仅占9%;肉足虫34种,占原生动物总数的13%,纤毛虫117种,占原生动物总数的44%。原生动物在此水域1个周年内的分布特征表现为植物性鞭毛虫种类多于动物性鞭毛虫,纤毛虫种类多于肉足虫种类。原生动物群落的结构参数(种类组成、个体丰度和多样性指数)因水质的变化而变化。此水域原生动物的优势种为梨形扁裸藻(Phacus pyrum)、旋转囊裸藻(Trachelomonas volvocina)、绿色裸藻(Euglenaviridis)和刺鱼状裸藻(Euglena gasterosteus),常年居留种为裸藻(Euglenasp.)、奇形扁裸藻(Phacus anomalus)、钟形虫(Vorticellasp.)、尾草履虫(Paramecium caudatum)和多态喇叭虫(Stentor polymorphrus)。全年3个采样站的Margalef生物多样性指数为1.056～6.054。

From April 2005 to March 2006, an investigation was made on the protozoan community diversity in the swampy water area of Hangzhou. A total of 265 species of protozoa were observed, including 114 species of mastigophoras, accounting for 43% of the whole protozoa with 91% of phytomastigophora and 9% of zoomastigophora, 34 species of sacrodinas, accounting for 13% , and 117 species of ciliates, accounting for 44% of the total. The species number of phytoflagelates and ciliates was more than that of zooflagelates and sarcodinas, respectively. The community parameters （species composition, individual abundance, and diversity index） varied with water quality. Phacus pyrum, Trachelomonas volvocina, Euglena viridis and E. gasterosteus were the dominant species, while Euglena sp. , Phacus anomalus, Vorticella sp. , Paramecium caudarum and Stentor polymorphrus were the resident species through the year. The Margalef＇ s diversity index in three sampling sites ranged from 1. 064 to 6. 054.