商业企业规模结构哑铃状分布究因——北京市商业企业规模结构变动分析

A Study on the Reasons for Dumbell Shape Distribution of Scale Structure of Commercial Enterprises——An Analysis of the Change in Scale Structure of Commercial Enterprises in Beijing

近几年北京市批发零售业大、中、小型企业数量变动、商品销售额比例变动、财务指标变动和布局变动均呈现如下特点:大型和小型企业数量相对较多,中型企业数量相对较少且效益不理想,企业规模结构呈现哑铃状分布。哑铃状分布形成的理论解释是在交易效率提高的前提下,企业间专业化、企业内专业化程度提升使小型和大型企业得以发展;现实原因是大企业并购优质中型企业实现规模扩张,剩余中型企业因缺乏规模优势而发展不力,而小企业因经营灵活反而具有一定的生存空间。

The recent changes in number, sale proportion, financial index, spatial distribution of Beijing small-medium-large sized wholesale and retail enterprises show a typical feature of collaborative development in large-scale and small-sized enter- prises while medium-sized enterprises are relatively less in number and inefficient in profit, with the enterprise scale structure representing a shape of dumbell shape. Theoretically, the reason for the dumbell shape distribution lies in the deepening inter-industrial specialization （division of labor） and intra-industrial specialization on the condition of increasing trade efficiency, which promote the collaborative development of small and large enterprises. However, the realistic reason stems from the fact that only good medium-sized enterprises are chosen by large-scale enterprises into M＆A program for scale expansion. The other remaining medium-sized enterprises are not developing well due to the lack of scale advantage, while small enterprises can survive and develop due to flexible operation.